Disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma in an hiv-aids patient relating to a clinical case and its approach
Abstract
This clinical case details a patient with advanced HIV who developed disseminated Kaposi sarcoma (KS), affecting skin, mucous membranes, lung, liver and other organs. The objective was to document the clinical complexity and fatal complications of this neoplasm associated with severe immunosuppression. The patient presented extensive skin and visceral lesions, with a CT scan revealing pulmonary infiltrates and nodules in several organs, confirmed by biopsies as KS with anomalous vascular proliferation. The discussion highlights that advanced immunosuppression, exacerbated by a recent COVID-19 infection, facilitated the rapid progression of KS. This case highlights the need for early intervention with antiretroviral therapy and proper management of KS. In conclusion, late management of HIV and KS significantly limits therapeutic options and generally leads to a fatal outcome, highlighting the importance of timely diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to prevent aggressive evolution in immunosuppressed patients.
Downloads
References
2. Garrido I, Pacheco J, Coelho R, Macedo G. Kaposi’s sarcoma with atypical gastrointestinal involvement. Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas [Internet]. 2022 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Sep 15];114(6):350–1. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34470457/
3. Gothland A, Leducq V, Grange P, Faye O, Beauvais Remigereau L, Sayon S, et al. Primaquine as a Candidate for HHV-8-Associated Primary Effusion Lymphoma and Kaposi’s Sarcoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) [Internet]. 2022 Jan 21 [cited 2024 Sep 15];14(3):543. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35158811/
4. Mori LMM, Medina JBV, Herencia JEG, Puccio FGB, Cordero FAM, Barrenechea SM, et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma in people living with HIV/aids in a public referral hospital in Peru. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica [Internet]. 2022 Sep 30 [cited 2024 Sep 15];39(3):352–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36478169/
5. Gardini G, Odolini S, Moioli G, Papalia DA, Ferrari V, Matteelli A, et al. Disseminated Kaposi sarcoma following COVID-19 in a 61-year-old Albanian immunocompetent man: a case report and review of the literature. Eur J Med Res [Internet]. 2021 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Sep 15];26(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34930492/
6. Yanes RR, Malijan GMB, Escora-Garcia LK, Ricafrente SAM, Salazar MJ, Suzuki S, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and HHV-8 from a large pericardial effusion in an HIV-positive patient with COVID-19 and clinically diagnosed Kaposi sarcoma: a case report. Trop Med Health [Internet]. 2022 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Sep 15];50(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36153612/
7. Magri F, Giordano S, Latini A, Muscianese M. New-onset cutaneous kaposi’s sarcoma following SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Cosmet Dermatol [Internet]. 2021 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Sep 15];20(12):3747–50. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34731523/
8. Volkow P, Lárraga-Mancilla V, Mendoza MJ, Cornejo-Juárez P, Islas-Muñoz B, Pérez-Jiménez C, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the care of people living with HIV and cancer at an oncologic center in Mexico. Int J STD AIDS [Internet]. 2023 Mar 1 [cited 2024 Sep 15];34(3):159–67. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36527188/
9. Chen J, Dai L, Barrett L, Post SR, Qin Z. SARS-CoV-2 proteins and anti-COVID-19 drugs induce lytic reactivation of an oncogenic virus. bioRxiv [Internet]. 2020 Oct 2 [cited 2024 Sep 15]; Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33024968/
10. Marchese V, Crosato V, Gulletta M, Castelnuovo F, Cristini G, Matteelli A, et al. Strongyloides infection manifested during immunosuppressive therapy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Infection [Internet]. 2021 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Sep 15];49(3):539–42. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32910321/
Copyright (c) 2024 Jorge Andrés Hernández Navas, Luis Andrés Dulcey, Jaime Gómez Ayala, Valentina Ochoa Castellanos4, Valentina Hernández Navas, Juan Therán Leon
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
