Therapeutic alternatives meningeal cryptococcosis

Abstract

Background: Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis produced by Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii complex. It is one of the most frequent mycoses in immunocompromissed hosts and one of the main causes of death in aids patients.
Objective: To compare therapeutic efficacy of two regimens used for the treatment of meningeal cryptococcosis associated to aids in our hospital. Regimen a) Induction with amphotericin B-deoxycholate alone (0.7 mg/kg/day); b) Induction with amphotericin B-deoxycholate (0.7 mg/kg/day + fluconazole 800 mg/day). Consolidation treatment was the same for both groups with fluconazole 800 mg/day.
Methods: It was an analytical and retrospective study. One hundred and twenty eight clinical histories from patients with meningeal cryptococcosis associated to aids were analysed. Half of the patients (group A) were treated with amphotericin B alone for 4 weeks; the others (group B) received amphotericin B and fluconazole simultaneously. After that, both groups followed treatment with fluconazole. Time of negativization of CSF cultures and mortality rate for both groups were compared.
Results: CSF cultures of 50 patients were negative at day 30, 11 belonged to group A and 39 to group B (p= 0.00001; IC 95%: -0,5886 - -0,2864).). Mortality rate was 35.9% (23 patients) in group A and 20.3% (13 patients) in group B (p= 0,07948 IC 95%: 0,00047 - 0,31203).
Conclusions: Cryptococcal meningitis remains as one of the principal causes of death in HIV infected patients and therefore combined therapeutic regimens are employed to improve survival in this pathology. It could be demonstrated that the association of amphotericin B with fluconazole was able to sterilize CSF in a shorter period than amphotericin B alone and mortality rate diminished.