Evaluation of impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on perinatal transmission of HIV infection in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Keywords:
HIV; COVID-19; vertical transmission; Latin America
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the influence of COVID-19 lockdown in key epidemiological variables regarding prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in Buenos Aires city (CABA).
Methods: Retrospective analysis of aggregated MTCT data was gathered from six principal maternity hospitals in Buenos Aires city. Pandemic year (2020) was compared to non-pandemic years 2018-19 individually considering key epidemiological variables.
Results: A reduction of total births was observed in 2020 compared to 2019 and 2018 (11640 vs. 14031 and 15978, respectively). Proportion of live births in HIV-infected women (HPW) was 0.88% in 2020 without difference with 2019 and 2018 (0.94% and 0.93%), p>0.05 for all comparisons. Among HPW, intrapartum diagnosis was 2.9% for 2020, with no difference between 2019 (2.25%) and 2018 (9.3%), p>0.05 (all comparisons); 8.8% had antiretroviral therapy (ART) started >28 weeks of gestational age in 2020 vs. 16% and 18.05% in 2018 and 2019 (p>0.05, all comparisons). Prevalence of undetectable viral load at delivery was 67% in 2020 vs 64% in 2018 and 65.4% in 2019 (p>0.05, all comparisons). Perinatal transmission was 0% in 2020 vs 1.33% in 2018 and 2.25% 2019 (p>0.05, all comparisons)
Conclusions: In first wave of COVID 19 pandemic no deleterious impact in the proportion of HPW assisted, HIV intrapartum diagnosis, late ART initiation and MTCT-rate was observed in CABA.
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References
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28. João EC, Morrison RL, Shapiro DE, Chakhtoura N, Gouvèa MIS, de Lourdes B Teixeira M, et al. Raltegravir versus efavirenz in antiretroviral-naive pregnant women living with HIV (NICHD P1081): an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 4 trial. Lancet HIV. 2020;7:e322-e331.
29. Miller MJ, Loaiza JR, Takyar A, Gilman RH. COVID-19 in Latin America: Novel transmission dynamics for a global pandemic?. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14:e0008265.
30. Cimerman S, Chebabo A, Cunha CAD, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. Deep impact of COVID-19 in the healthcare of Latin America: the case of Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis. 2020;24:93-95.
31. Rodriguez-Morales A.J., Sánchez-Duque J.A., Hernández-Botero S. Preparación y control de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en América Latina. Acta Med Peruana. 2020;37:3–7
32. Torres AG. Vacunas contra el SARS-CoV-2: ¿son una realidad para América Latina? Biomédica. 2020;40:424-6
2. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1199–207.
3. Ludwig S, Zarbock A. Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2: A Brief Overview. Anesth Analg. 2020;131:93–6.
4. Anderson RM, Heesterbeek H, Klinkenberg D, Hollingsworth TD. How will country based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? Lancet. 2020;395:931–934
5. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, ET AL. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395:912–920.
6. Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina. AISLAMIENTO SOCIAL PREVENTIVO Y OBLIGATORIO. 2020. Disponible en https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/227042/20200320. Acceso el 6 de mayo de 2020.
7. Rearte A, Baldani A, Barcena Barbeira P, Domínguez C, Laurora M, Pesce M, et al. Características epidemiológicas de los primeros 116 974 casos de Covid-19 en Argentina, 2020. Rev Argentina Salud Pública. 2020;1–9.
8. Leveau CM. Difusión espacio-temporal de muertes por COVID-19 en Argentina. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2021;45:e3.
9. Ministerio de Salud. Respuesta al VIH y las ITS en Argentina. Año XXII. Diciembre 2020. Disponible en https://bancos.salud.gob.ar/recurso/boletin-sobre-el-vih-sida-e-its-en-la-argentina-ndeg-37 Acceso el 6 de mayo de 2021
10. Ministerio de Salud, Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Situación Epidemiológica del VIH en la ciudad de Buenos Aires Mayo 2021. Disponible en https://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/salud/coordinaci%C3%B3n-salud-sexual-vih-infecciones-de-transmisi%C3%B3n-sexual/noticias/situacion Acceso 15 de julio de 2021
11. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Plan de acción para la prevención y el control de la infección por el VIH y las infecciones de transmisión sexual 2016-2021. Disponible en: https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/34079/DC552017-spa.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Acceso el 6 de mayo de 2021.
12. Naciones Unidas Argentina. COVID-19 en Argentina: impacto socioeconómico y ambiental. Disponible en: https://www.argentina.gob.ar/sites/default/files/informecovid19_argentina.pdf Acceso el 6 de mayo de 2021.
13. The Lancet. COVID-19 in Latin America: a humanitarian crisis. Lancet. 2020;396:1463.
14. Garcia PJ, Alarcón A, Bayer A, Buss P, Guerra G, Ribeiro H, et al. COVID-19 Response in Latin America. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103:1765-1772.
15. Andrus JK, Evans-Gilbert T, Santos JI, Guzman MG, Rosenthal PJ, Toscano C, et al. Perspectives on Battling COVID-19 in Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103:593-596.
16. Saqib MAN, Siddiqui S, Qasim M, Jamil MA, Rafique I, Awan UA, et al. Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on patients with chronic diseases. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14:1621-1623.
17. Arredondo A. The COVID-19 pandemic substantially complicates the usual challenges for patients with diabetes in Latin America. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;168:108394.
18. Araujo SEA, Leal A, Centrone AFY, Teich VD, Malheiro DT, Cypriano AS, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on care of oncological patients: experience of a cancer center in a Latin American pandemic epicenter. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2020;19:eAO6282.
19. Shiau S, Krause KD, Valera P, Swaminathan S, Halkitis PN. The Burden of COVID-19 in People Living with HIV: A Syndemic Perspective. AIDS Behav. 2020;24:2244-2249.
20. Lesko CR, Bengtson AM. HIV and COVID-19: Intersecting Epidemics With Many Unknowns. Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190:10-16.
21. Pinto RM, Park S. COVID-19 Pandemic Disrupts HIV Continuum of Care and Prevention: Implications for Research and Practice Concerning Community-Based Organizations and Frontline Providers. AIDS Behav. 2020;24:2486-2489.
22. Ballivian J, Alcaide ML, Cecchini D, Jones DL, Abbamonte JM, Cassetti I, et al. Impact of COVID-19-related stress and lockdown on mental health among people living with HIV in Argentina. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020;85:475-482.
23. UNAIDS. COVID-19’s impact on HIV vertical transmission services reversed. Disponible en: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2020/october/20201027_covid19-impact-hiv-vertical-transmission Acceso el 6 de mayo de 2021
24. The Global Fund. The impact of COVID 19 on HIV, TB and Malaria and systems for health: a snapshot from 502 health facilities across Africa and Asia. Disponible en: https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/updates/other-updates/2021-04-13-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-hiv-tb-and-malaria-services-and-systems-for-health/ Acceso el 6 de mayo de 2021
25. Hogan AB, Jewell BL, Sherrard-Smith E, Vesga JF, Watson OJ, Whittaker C, et al. Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9:e23
26. Cecchini D, Martinez M, Astarita V, Nieto C, Giesolauro R, Rodriguez C. Prevención de la transmisión vertical del VIH-1 en un hospital público de complejidad terciaria de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2011;30:189-95.
27. Kintu K, Malaba TR, Nakibuka J, Papamichael C, Colbers A, Byrne K, et al.. Dolutegravir versus efavirenz in women starting HIV therapy in late pregnancy (DolPHIN-2): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet HIV. 2020;7:e332-e339.
28. João EC, Morrison RL, Shapiro DE, Chakhtoura N, Gouvèa MIS, de Lourdes B Teixeira M, et al. Raltegravir versus efavirenz in antiretroviral-naive pregnant women living with HIV (NICHD P1081): an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 4 trial. Lancet HIV. 2020;7:e322-e331.
29. Miller MJ, Loaiza JR, Takyar A, Gilman RH. COVID-19 in Latin America: Novel transmission dynamics for a global pandemic?. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14:e0008265.
30. Cimerman S, Chebabo A, Cunha CAD, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. Deep impact of COVID-19 in the healthcare of Latin America: the case of Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis. 2020;24:93-95.
31. Rodriguez-Morales A.J., Sánchez-Duque J.A., Hernández-Botero S. Preparación y control de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en América Latina. Acta Med Peruana. 2020;37:3–7
32. Torres AG. Vacunas contra el SARS-CoV-2: ¿son una realidad para América Latina? Biomédica. 2020;40:424-6
Published
2021-11-26
How to Cite
Cecchini, D., Ballivian , J., Ortiz de Zárate, M., Rolón, M. J., Silvina , S., Rodriguez Brieschke, M. T., Consalvo, M. F., Martinez , M., Verdi Brusati , F., Rodriguez , C., Samaniego , M. L., Rossi , V., González Alcántara, M., Perez Macri , S., Coll, P., Foradori , I., Hakim , A., Serrano , D., Scalise , C., Bulló , M., Caccavo , J., de Bernardi , M., Scardigno , A., Johnston , C., Vulcano , S., & Duran , A. (2021). Evaluation of impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on perinatal transmission of HIV infection in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Actualizaciones En Sida E Infectología, 29(107). https://doi.org/10.52226/revista.v29i107.107
Section
Original article
